Young infants display heterogeneous serological responses and extensive but reversible transcriptional changes following initial immunizations.
Nima NouriRaquel Giacomelli CaoEleonora BunsowDjamel Nehar-BelaidRadu MarchesZhaohui XuBennett SmithSanttu HeinonenSara MertzAmy LeberGaby SmitsFiona van der KlisAsuncion MejiasJacques BanchereauVirginia M PascualOctavio RamiloPublished in: Nature communications (2023)
Infants necessitate vaccinations to prevent life-threatening infections. Our understanding of the infant immune responses to routine vaccines remains limited. We analyzed two cohorts of 2-month-old infants before vaccination, one week, and one-month post-vaccination. We report remarkable heterogeneity but limited antibody responses to the different antigens. Whole-blood transcriptome analysis in an initial cohort showed marked overexpression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and to a lesser extent of inflammation-genes at day 7, which normalized one month post-vaccination. Single-cell RNA sequencing in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a second cohort identified at baseline a predominantly naive immune landscape including ISG hi cells. On day 7, increased expression of interferon-, inflammation-, and cytotoxicity-related genes were observed in most immune cells, that reverted one month post-vaccination, when a CD8+ ISG hi and cytotoxic cluster and B cells expanded. Antibody responses were associated with baseline frequencies of plasma cells, B-cells, and monocytes, and induction of ISGs at day 7.
Keyphrases
- single cell
- induced apoptosis
- dendritic cells
- oxidative stress
- immune response
- rna seq
- cell cycle arrest
- poor prognosis
- high throughput
- transcription factor
- genome wide
- randomized controlled trial
- clinical trial
- clinical practice
- signaling pathway
- binding protein
- bioinformatics analysis
- long non coding rna
- genome wide identification
- pi k akt
- african american