Forearmed is forewarned: A prospective intervention observational time-series study of patient empowerment for ultrasound-guided peripheral intravenous access.

This is the first prospective study to assess the effect of various interventions to empower patients to self-identify as having difficult PIVC access and advocate for the use of US-guidance. The present study was indeterminate: no intervention tested in the present study noticeably influenced clinical practice, potentially attributable to the study design and confounding factors. This innovative study serves as a pilot for future research into patient empowerment, which is currently lacking in the literature.