The Inhibitory Effects of Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum) and Its Bioactive Compounds on Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes.
Charng-Cherng ChyauChin-Chen ChuShih-Ying ChenPin-Der DuhPublished in: Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) (2018)
The aim of this study was to provide new insights into the role of the ethanolic extracts of Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum, EECF) and its bioactive compounds in preventing adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The results demonstrated EECF significantly inhibited oil red O-stained material (OROSM), triglyceride levels and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The expression of the critical molecules involved in lipid synthesis such as PPARγ, C/EBPα and SREBP-1c was attenuated in EECF-treated cells. According to HPLC-DAD and HPLC-MS/MS analysis, rutin, kaempferol, betanin and another nine compounds were present in EECF. The suppression of lipid accumulation by rutin, kaempferol and betanin occurred by decreasing the gene expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα and SREBP-1c. Taken together, these findings suggest the presence of bioactive compounds in EECF may partly account for the anti-adipogenesis of EECF and EECF is therefore a potentially lipid lowering functional food.
Keyphrases
- ms ms
- high fat diet induced
- insulin resistance
- fatty acid
- adipose tissue
- gene expression
- simultaneous determination
- liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
- induced apoptosis
- poor prognosis
- metabolic syndrome
- dna methylation
- skeletal muscle
- cell cycle arrest
- high performance liquid chromatography
- ultra high performance liquid chromatography
- type diabetes
- binding protein
- tandem mass spectrometry
- mass spectrometry
- oxidative stress
- newly diagnosed
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- risk assessment
- signaling pathway
- cell death
- high resolution
- human health
- liquid chromatography
- gas chromatography