Hepsin: a multifunctional transmembrane serine protease in pathobiology.
Shuo LiLina WangShijin SunQingyu WuPublished in: The FEBS journal (2020)
Cell membrane-bound serine proteases are important in the maintenance of physiological homeostasis. Hepsin is a type II transmembrane serine protease highly expressed in the liver. Recent studies indicate that hepsin activates prohepatocyte growth factor in the liver to enhance Met signaling, thereby regulating glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism. In addition, hepsin functions in nonhepatic tissues, including the adipose tissue, kidney, and inner ear, to regulate adipocyte differentiation, urinary protein processing, and auditory function, respectively. In mouse models, hepsin deficiency lowers blood glucose, lipid, and protein levels, impairs uromodulin assembly in renal epithelial cells, and causes hearing loss. Elevated hepsin expression has also been found in many cancers. As a type II transmembrane protease, cell surface expression and zymogen activation are essential for hepsin activity. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge regarding hepsin biosynthesis, activation, and functions in pathobiology.
Keyphrases
- blood glucose
- adipose tissue
- growth factor
- poor prognosis
- binding protein
- cell surface
- healthcare
- fatty acid
- protein protein
- insulin resistance
- protein kinase
- type diabetes
- working memory
- metabolic syndrome
- small molecule
- high fat diet
- glycemic control
- blood pressure
- tyrosine kinase
- long non coding rna
- skeletal muscle
- cancer therapy
- case control