A comparative study of the neural stem cell niche in the adult hypothalamus of human, mouse, rat and gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus).
Giuliana PellegrinoClaire TrubertJérémy TerrienFabien PifferiDanièle LeroyAnne LoyensMartine MigaudMarc BaronciniClaude-Alain MaurageChristian FontaineVincent PrévotAriane SharifPublished in: The Journal of comparative neurology (2018)
The adult brain contains niches of neural stem cells that continuously add new neurons to selected circuits throughout life. Two niches have been extensively studied in various mammalian species including humans, the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles and the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Recently, studies conducted mainly in rodents have identified a third neurogenic niche in the adult hypothalamus. In order to evaluate whether a neural stem cell niche also exists in the adult hypothalamus in humans, we performed multiple immunofluorescence labeling to assess the expression of a panel of neural stem/progenitor cell (NPC) markers (Sox2, nestin, vimentin, GLAST, GFAP) in the human hypothalamus and compared them with the mouse, rat and a non-human primate species, the gray mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus). Our results show that the adult human hypothalamus contains four distinct populations of cells that express the five NPC markers: (a) a ribbon of small stellate cells that lines the third ventricular wall behind a hypocellular gap, similar to that found along the lateral ventricles, (b) ependymal cells, (c) tanycytes, which line the floor of the third ventricle in the tuberal region, and (d) a population of small stellate cells in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. In the mouse, rat and mouse lemur hypothalamus, co-expression of NPC markers is primarily restricted to tanycytes, and these species lack a ventricular ribbon. Our work thus identifies four cell populations with the antigenic profile of NPCs in the adult human hypothalamus, of which three appear specific to humans.
Keyphrases
- endothelial cells
- stem cells
- induced apoptosis
- cell cycle arrest
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- pluripotent stem cells
- poor prognosis
- heart failure
- childhood cancer
- left ventricular
- spinal cord injury
- pulmonary artery
- pulmonary hypertension
- young adults
- transcription factor
- pulmonary arterial hypertension
- mesenchymal stem cells
- genome wide
- multidrug resistant
- bone marrow
- long non coding rna
- blood brain barrier
- genetic diversity
- resting state
- subarachnoid hemorrhage