A Software Architecture to Mimic a Ventricular Tachycardia in Intact Murine Hearts by Means of an All-Optical Platform.
Francesco GiardiniValentina BiasciMarina ScardigliFrancesco S PavoneGil BubLeonardo SacconiPublished in: Methods and protocols (2019)
Optogenetics is an emerging method that uses light to manipulate electrical activity in excitable cells exploiting the interaction between light and light-sensitive depolarizing ion channels, such as channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2). Initially used in the neuroscience, it has been adopted in cardiac research where the expression of ChR2 in cardiac preparations allows optical pacing, resynchronization and defibrillation. Recently, optogenetics has been leveraged to manipulate cardiac electrical activity in the intact heart in real-time. This new approach was applied to simulate a re-entrant circuit across the ventricle. In this technical note, we describe the development and the implementation of a new software package for real-time optogenetic intervention. The package consists of a single LabVIEW program that simultaneously captures images at very high frame rates and delivers precisely timed optogenetic stimuli based on the content of the images. The software implementation guarantees closed-loop optical manipulation at high temporal resolution by processing the raw data in workstation memory. We demonstrate that this strategy allows the simulation of a ventricular tachycardia with high stability and with a negligible loss of data with a temporal resolution of up to 1 ms.
Keyphrases
- left ventricular
- high resolution
- quality improvement
- primary care
- data analysis
- high speed
- deep learning
- healthcare
- randomized controlled trial
- electronic health record
- induced apoptosis
- poor prognosis
- convolutional neural network
- big data
- heart failure
- mass spectrometry
- cardiac arrest
- pulmonary hypertension
- optical coherence tomography
- single molecule
- pulmonary artery
- ms ms
- mitral valve
- cell cycle arrest
- working memory
- oxidative stress
- machine learning
- atrial fibrillation
- cell death
- coronary artery
- long non coding rna
- cardiac resynchronization therapy
- artificial intelligence
- virtual reality