Engineering Biomimetic Microenvironment for Organoid.

Organoid is an emerging frontier technology in the field of life science., in which pluripotent stem cells or tissue-derived differentiated/progenitor cells form 3D structures according to their multi-directional differentiation potential and self-assembly ability. Nowadays, although various types of organoids have been widely investigated, their construction is still complicated in operation, uncertain in yield, and poor in reproducibility for the structure and function of native organs. Constructing a biomimetic microenvironment for stem cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro has been recognized as a key to driving this field. This review reviews the recent development of engineered biomimetic microenvironments for organoids. Firstly, we summarize the composition of the matrix for organoid culture. Then, strategies for engineering the microenvironment from biophysical, biochemical, and cellular perspectives have been discussed in detail. Subsequently, the newly developed monitoring technologies are also reviewed. Finally, a brief conclusion and outlook are presented for the inspiration of future research. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.