Resveratrol counteracts inflammation in human M1 and M2 macrophages upon challenge with 7-oxo-cholesterol: potential therapeutic implications in atherosclerosis.
Elisabetta ProfumoElisabetta ProfumoLuca SegoniDaniela D'ArcangeloStefania RossiFrancesco FacchianoLuciano SasoRita BusinaroLuigi IulianoRachele RiganòPublished in: Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity (2014)
the proinflammatory M1 subset and the anti-inflammatory M2 one. 7-oxo-cholesterol, the most abundant cholesterol autoxidation product within atherosclerotic plaque, is able to skew the M1/M2 balance towards a proinflammatory profile. In the present study, we explored the ability of the polyphenolic compound resveratrol to counteract the 7-oxo-cholesterol-triggered proinflammatory signaling in macrophages. Resveratrol-pretreated human monocyte-derived M1 and M2 macrophages were challenged with 7-oxo-cholesterol and analyzed for phenotype and endocytic ability by flow cytometry, for metalloproteinase- (MMP-) 2 and MMP-9 by gelatin zymography, and for cytokine, chemokine, and growth factor secretome by a multiplex immunoassay. We also investigated the NF-κB signaling pathway. In the M1 subset, resveratrol prevented the downregulation of CD16 and the upregulation of MMP-2 in response to 7-oxo-cholesterol, whereas in M2 macrophages it prevented the upregulation of CD14, MMP-2, and MMP-9 and the downregulation of endocytosis. Resveratrol prevented the upregulation of several proinflammatory and proangiogenic molecules in both subsets. We identified modulation of NF-κB as a potential mechanism implicated in 7-oxo-cholesterol and resveratrol effects. Our results strengthen previous findings on the immunomodulatory ability of resveratrol and highlight its role as potential therapeutic or preventive compound, to counteract the proatherogenic oxysterol signaling within atherosclerotic plaque.
Keyphrases
- signaling pathway
- low density lipoprotein
- growth factor
- pi k akt
- cell proliferation
- endothelial cells
- cell migration
- oxidative stress
- flow cytometry
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- poor prognosis
- anti inflammatory
- coronary artery disease
- cardiovascular disease
- induced apoptosis
- dendritic cells
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- mass spectrometry
- immune response
- risk assessment
- peripheral blood
- climate change
- high resolution
- nk cells
- pluripotent stem cells
- toll like receptor
- quantum dots