Psychosocial, Spiritual, and Biomedical Predictors of Hope in Hemodialysis Patients.

The hemodialysis patients reported moderate levels of hope, social support, anxiety, and depression. In addition, most of them adhered to dietary and fluid restrictions. Considering the association between hope and social support, spiritual well-being, anxiety, depression, and stress, using some interventions regarding the mentioned variables might increase hope among hemodialysis patients.