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No Evidence That Circulating GLP-1 or PYY Are Associated with Increased Satiety during Low Energy Diet-Induced Weight Loss: Modelling Biomarkers of Appetite.

Jia Jiet LimYutong LiuLouise W LuIvana Roosevelt SequeiraSally D Poppitt
Published in: Nutrients (2023)
Bariatric surgery and pharmacology treatments increase circulating glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY), in turn promoting satiety and body weight (BW) loss. However, the utility of GLP-1 and PYY in predicting appetite response during dietary interventions remains unsubstantiated. This study investigated whether the decrease in hunger observed following low energy diet (LED)-induced weight loss was associated with increased circulating 'satiety peptides', and/or associated changes in glucose, glucoregulatory peptides or amino acids (AAs). In total, 121 women with obesity underwent an 8-week LED intervention, of which 32 completed an appetite assessment via a preload challenge at both Week 0 and Week 8, and are reported here. Visual analogue scales (VAS) were administered to assess appetite-related responses, and blood samples were collected over 210 min post-preload. The area under the curve (AUC 0-210 ), incremental AUC (iAUC 0-210 ), and change from Week 0 to Week 8 (∆) were calculated. Multiple linear regression was used to test the association between VAS-appetite responses and blood biomarkers. Mean (±SEM) BW loss was 8.4 ± 0.5 kg (-8%). Unexpectedly, the decrease in ∆AUC 0-210 hunger was best associated with decreased ∆AUC 0-210 GLP-1, GIP, and valine ( p < 0.05, all), and increased ∆AUC 0-210 glycine and proline ( p < 0.05, both). The majority of associations remained significant after adjusting for BW and fat-free mass loss. There was no evidence that changes in circulating GLP-1 or PYY were predictive of changes in appetite-related responses. The modelling suggested that other putative blood biomarkers of appetite, such as AAs, should be further investigated in future larger longitudinal dietary studies.
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