Advanced body composition assessment: from body mass index to body composition profiling.
Magnus BorgaJanne WestJimmy D BellNicholas C HarveyThobias RomuSteven B HeymsfieldOlof Dahlqvist LeinhardPublished in: Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research (2018)
This paper gives a brief overview of common non-invasive techniques for body composition analysis and a more in-depth review of a body composition assessment method based on fat-referenced quantitative MRI. Earlier published studies of this method are summarized, and a previously unpublished validation study, based on 4753 subjects from the UK Biobank imaging cohort, comparing the quantitative MRI method with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is presented. For whole-body measurements of adipose tissue (AT) or fat and lean tissue (LT), DXA and quantitative MRIs show excellent agreement with linear correlation of 0.99 and 0.97, and coefficient of variation (CV) of 4.5 and 4.6 per cent for fat (computed from AT) and LT, respectively, but the agreement was found significantly lower for visceral adipose tissue, with a CV of >20 per cent. The additional ability of MRI to also measure muscle volumes, muscle AT infiltration and ectopic fat, in combination with rapid scanning protocols and efficient image analysis tools, makes quantitative MRI a powerful tool for advanced body composition assessment.
Keyphrases
- body composition
- adipose tissue
- high resolution
- contrast enhanced
- dual energy
- bone mineral density
- diffusion weighted imaging
- resistance training
- insulin resistance
- magnetic resonance imaging
- computed tomography
- body mass index
- high fat diet
- skeletal muscle
- magnetic resonance
- fatty acid
- type diabetes
- mass spectrometry
- metabolic syndrome
- electron microscopy
- cross sectional
- optical coherence tomography
- clinical evaluation