The Role of Harm Visibility for Pictorial Health Warning Labels on Cigars.
Sonia A ClarkSarah Dorothy KowittKristen L JarmanAllison J LazardTara L QueenLeah M RanneyJennifer Cornacchione RossPaschal SheeranJames F ThrasherAdam O GoldsteinPublished in: Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco (2024)
The cigar health warning labels (HWLs) proposed by the US Food and Drug Administration are text-only. We conducted an online survey experiment among people who use cigars to examine the effectiveness of warnings with images depicting different levels of harm visibility. We found HWLs with images depicting both an internal and external depiction of cigar harm, or an external depiction of harm alone, performed better overall than images portraying internal depictions of harm. These findings provide important regulatory evidence regarding what type of images may increase warning effectiveness and offer a promising route for future cigar HWL development.
Keyphrases
- deep learning
- convolutional neural network
- optical coherence tomography
- healthcare
- public health
- randomized controlled trial
- systematic review
- mental health
- drug administration
- health information
- transcription factor
- human health
- cross sectional
- risk assessment
- climate change
- health promotion
- current status
- social media