Hypoxic and Hyperoxic Breathing as a Complement to Low-Intensity Physical Exercise Programs: A Proof-of-Principle Study.
Costantino BalestraKate LambrechtsMrakic-Sposta SimonaAlessandra VezzoliMorgan LevenezPeter GermonpreFabio VirgiliGerardo BoscoPierre LafèrePublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2021)
Inflammation is an adaptive response to both external and internal stimuli including infection, trauma, surgery, ischemia-reperfusion, or malignancy. A number of studies indicate that physical activity is an effective means of reducing acute systemic and low-level inflammation occurring in different pathological conditions and in the recovery phase after disease. As a proof-of-principle, we hypothesized that low-intensity workout performed under modified oxygen supply would elicit a "metabolic exercise" inducing a hormetic response, increasing the metabolic load and oxidative stress with the same overall effect expected after a higher intensity or charge exercise. Herein, we report the effect of a 5-week low-intensity, non-training, exercise program in a group of young healthy subjects in combination with the exposure to hyperoxia (30% and 100% pO2, respectively) or light hypoxia (15% pO2) during workout sessions on several inflammation and oxidative stress parameters, namely hemoglobin (Hb), redox state, nitric oxide metabolite (NOx), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), inflammatory cytokine expression (TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10), and renal functional biomarkers (creatinine, neopterin, and urates). We confirmed our previous reports demonstrating that intermittent hyperoxia induces the normobaric oxygen paradox (NOP), a response overlapping the exposure to hypoxia. Our data also suggest that the administration of modified air composition is an expedient complement to a light physical exercise program to achieve a significant modulation of inflammatory and immune parameters, including cytokines expression, iNOS activity, and oxidative stress parameters. This strategy can be of pivotal interest in all those conditions characterized by the inability to achieve a sufficient workload intensity, such as severe cardiovascular alterations and articular injuries failing to effectively gain a significant improvement of physical capacity.
Keyphrases
- oxidative stress
- nitric oxide synthase
- high intensity
- nitric oxide
- physical activity
- poor prognosis
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- diabetic rats
- dna damage
- resistance training
- induced apoptosis
- quality improvement
- minimally invasive
- drug induced
- endothelial cells
- public health
- liver failure
- mental health
- emergency department
- big data
- heat shock
- intensive care unit
- randomized controlled trial
- early onset
- uric acid
- sleep quality
- acute coronary syndrome
- binding protein
- extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- study protocol
- atrial fibrillation
- double blind