CO2 response screen in grass Brachypodium reveals the key role of a MAP kinase in CO2-triggered stomatal closure.
Bryn N K LopezPaulo Henrique de Oliveira CeciliatoYohei TakahashiFelipe J RangelEvana A SalemKlara KernigKelly ChowLi ZhangMorgana A SidhomChristian G SeitzTingwen ZhengRichard SiboutDebbie L Laudencia-ChingcuancoDaniel P WoodsJames Andrew McCammonJohn P VogelJulian I SchroederPublished in: Plant physiology (2024)
Plants respond to increased CO2 concentrations through stomatal closure, which can contribute to increased water use efficiency. Grasses display faster stomatal responses than eudicots due to dumbbell-shaped guard cells flanked by subsidiary cells working in opposition. However, forward genetic screening for stomatal CO2 signal transduction mutants in grasses has yet to be reported. The grass model Brachypodium distachyon is closely related to agronomically important cereal crops, sharing largely collinear genomes. To gain insights into CO2 control mechanisms of stomatal movements in grasses, we developed an unbiased forward genetic screen with an EMS-mutagenized B. distachyon M5 generation population using infrared imaging to identify plants with altered leaf temperatures at elevated CO2. Among isolated mutants, a "chill1" mutant exhibited cooler leaf temperatures than wild-type Bd21-3 parent control plants after exposure to increased CO2. chill1 plants showed strongly impaired high CO2-induced stomatal closure despite retaining a robust abscisic acid-induced stomatal closing response. Through bulked segregant whole-genome sequencing analyses followed by analyses of further backcrossed F4 generation plants and generation and characterization of sodium azide and CRISPR-cas9 mutants, chill1 was mapped to a protein kinase, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 5 (BdMPK5). The chill1 mutation impaired BdMPK5 protein-mediated CO2/HCO3- sensing together with the High Temperature 1 (HT1) Raf-like kinase in vitro. Furthermore, AlphaFold2-directed structural modeling predicted that the identified BdMPK5-D90N chill1 mutant residue is located at the interface of BdMPK5 with the BdHT1 Raf-like kinase. BdMPK5 is a key signaling component that mediates CO2-induced stomatal movements and is proposed to function as a component of the primary CO2 sensor in grasses.
Keyphrases
- wild type
- protein kinase
- induced apoptosis
- crispr cas
- cell cycle arrest
- tyrosine kinase
- high glucose
- genome editing
- diabetic rats
- high resolution
- high throughput
- high temperature
- oxidative stress
- social media
- drug induced
- copy number
- signaling pathway
- photodynamic therapy
- cell death
- gene expression
- dna methylation
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- endothelial cells
- health information
- cell proliferation
- amino acid