Advances in brain imaging in multiple sclerosis.
Rosa CorteseSara ColloroneOlga CiccarelliAhmed T ToosyPublished in: Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders (2019)
Brain imaging is increasingly used to support clinicians in diagnosing multiple sclerosis (MS) and monitoring its progression. However, the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in MS goes far beyond its clinical application. Indeed, advanced imaging techniques have helped to detect different components of MS pathogenesis in vivo, which is now considered a heterogeneous process characterized by widespread damage of the central nervous system, rather than multifocal demyelination of white matter. Recently, MRI biomarkers more sensitive to disease activity than clinical disability outcome measures, have been used to monitor response to anti-inflammatory agents in patients with relapsing-remitting MS. Similarly, MRI markers of neurodegeneration exhibit the potential as primary and secondary outcomes in clinical trials for progressive phenotypes. This review will summarize recent advances in brain neuroimaging in MS from the research setting to clinical applications.
Keyphrases
- multiple sclerosis
- white matter
- magnetic resonance imaging
- contrast enhanced
- disease activity
- high resolution
- clinical trial
- rheumatoid arthritis
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- mass spectrometry
- diffusion weighted imaging
- computed tomography
- anti inflammatory
- palliative care
- rheumatoid arthritis patients
- ankylosing spondylitis
- juvenile idiopathic arthritis
- randomized controlled trial
- oxidative stress
- ms ms
- magnetic resonance
- adipose tissue
- insulin resistance
- cerebral ischemia
- fluorescence imaging
- weight loss
- cerebrospinal fluid
- human health