Reduced expression of mitochondrial fumarate hydratase in progressive multiple sclerosis contributes to impaired in vitro mesenchymal stromal cell-mediated neuroprotection.

Our findings are further evidence of dysregulation of the bone marrow microenvironment in progressive MS with respect to anti-oxidative capacity and immunoregulatory potential. Given the clinical utility of the fumaric acid ester dimethyl fumarate in relapsing-remitting MS, our findings have potential implication for understanding MS pathophysiology and personalised therapeutic intervention.