The concentration of radioisotopes (Potassium-40, Polonium-210, Radium-226, and Thorium-230) in fillet tissue carp fishes: A systematic review and probabilistic exposure assessment.

Chemical contamination of seafood has become a global health concern. Carp fish is one of the most widely consumed globally, and several studies have been conducted on the contamination of carp fish with radioisotopes. In the current study, a meta-analysis and probabilistic exposure assessment regarding the Potassium-40 ( 40 K), Polonium-210 ( 210 Po), Radium-226 ( 226 Ra), and Thorium-230 ( 230 Th) in the fillet tissue of carp fish were performed. In this regard, Scopus and PubMed were screened to retrieve the associated citations with on the concentration of radioisotopes in the fillet tissue of carp fish until October 2021. The rank order of radioisotopes in fillet tissue carp fish was 40 K (103.49 Bq kg -1 ) > 210 Po (9.39 Bq kg -1 ) > 226 Ra (0.62 Bq kg -1 ) > 230 Th (0.39 Bq kg -1 ). The highest effective dose due to 210 Po ingestion was observed in Spain (male; 4.44E-05 Sv y -1 , female; 2.67E-06 Sv y -1 ); 40 K (female, 5.07E-07 Sv y -1 ); 226 Ra (male, 9.93E-09 Sv y -1 ). The mean of effective dose (ED) in the male and females in India due to ingestion of 230 Th as result of carp fish consumption was (1.70E-06 Sv y -1 ) and (7.01E-08 Sv y -1 ), respectively. The probabilistic exposure assessment by the Monte Carlo simulation method revealed that consumers of fillet tissue carp fish content of radioisotopes are at a safe range (0.001 Sv y -1 ).