De Novo and Progressive Pulmonary Vein Stenosis Following Pediatric Heart Transplantation: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

This is the largest study to describe the characteristics of post-HTx PVS in children. PVS occurs in 4.5% of HTx, and underlying CHD is a strong risk factor. Multiple vessels can be involved and may require catheter-based or surgical intervention. Clinicians must be vigilant in monitoring the development of PVS in this population.