Human Immunodeficiency Viruses (HIV) continue to pose a significant global health threat despite the availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART). As a retrovirus, HIV persists as a stable, integrated, and replication-competent provirus within a diverse array of long-lived cells for many years, often termed "latent reservoirs" in individuals. Thus, this review aims to furnish a comprehensive overview of diverse tissue reservoirs where HIV persists, elucidating their pathogenesis and advancement in their strategies for clinical management. Understanding the mechanisms underlying HIV persistence within tissue reservoirs is of significant interest in developing effective ART for suppressing the virus in the blood. In addition, we also discussed the ongoing mRNA HIV vaccine that has shown promising results in clinical trials to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies and effective T-cell responses against HIV.
Keyphrases
- antiretroviral therapy
- hiv infected
- hiv positive
- human immunodeficiency virus
- hiv aids
- hiv infected patients
- hiv testing
- hepatitis c virus
- men who have sex with men
- clinical trial
- south africa
- gene expression
- randomized controlled trial
- endothelial cells
- global health
- public health
- induced apoptosis
- cell proliferation
- signaling pathway
- cell cycle arrest