Revisiting hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine for patients with chronic immunity-mediated inflammatory rheumatic diseases.
Edgard Torres Dos Reis NetoAdriana Maria KakehasiMarcelo de Medeiros PinheiroGilda Aparecida FerreiraCláudia Diniz Lopes MarquesLicia Maria Henrique da MotaEduardo Dos Santos PaivaGecilmara Cristina Salviato PileggiEmília Inoue SatoAna Paula Monteiro Gomides ReisRicardo Machado XavierJosé Roberto ProvenzaPublished in: Advances in rheumatology (London, England) (2020)
Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, also known as antimalarial drugs, are widely used in the treatment of rheumatic diseases and have recently become the focus of attention because of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Rheumatologists have been using antimalarials to manage patients with chronic immune-mediated inflammatory rheumatic diseases for decades. It is an appropriate time to review their immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory mechanisms impact on disease activity and survival of systemic lupus erythematosus patient, including antiplatelet effect, metabolic and lipid benefits. We also discuss possible adverse effects, adding a practical and comprehensive approach to monitoring rheumatic patients during treatment with these drugs.
Keyphrases
- disease activity
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- rheumatoid arthritis
- rheumatoid arthritis patients
- end stage renal disease
- ankylosing spondylitis
- anti inflammatory
- ejection fraction
- oxidative stress
- newly diagnosed
- plasmodium falciparum
- chronic kidney disease
- juvenile idiopathic arthritis
- prognostic factors
- peritoneal dialysis
- case report
- combination therapy
- fatty acid
- smoking cessation