Treatment Strategies for High-Risk Localized and Locally Advanced and Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer.
Tomoyuki MakinoKouji IzumiHiroaki IwamotoAtsushi MizokamiPublished in: Cancers (2021)
Despite the significant advances in the treatment of high-risk prostate cancer, patients with very high-risk features such as being locally advanced (clinical stage T3-4 or minimal nodal involvement), having a high Gleason pattern, or with oligometastasis may still have a poor prognosis despite aggressive treatment. Multidisciplinary treatment with both local and systemic therapies is thought to be effective, however, unfortunately, there is still no standard treatment. However, in recent years, local definitive therapy using a combination of radiotherapy and androgen deprivation is being supported by several randomized clinical trials. This study reviews the current literature with a focus on the definition of very high-risk prostate cancer, the role of modern imaging, and its treatment options.
Keyphrases
- prostate cancer
- locally advanced
- poor prognosis
- radical prostatectomy
- squamous cell carcinoma
- neoadjuvant chemotherapy
- randomized controlled trial
- rectal cancer
- radiation therapy
- long non coding rna
- stem cells
- clinical trial
- combination therapy
- high resolution
- bone marrow
- lymph node
- mesenchymal stem cells
- open label
- mass spectrometry
- meta analyses