Non-lactic acid bacteria probiotics isolated from intestine or various circumstances.

Probiotics are live microorganisms beneficial to host health, predominantly comprising lactic acid bacteria (LAB) such as Lactobacillus . Additional non-LAB probiotics, termed intestinal isolates, encompass next-generation strains like Akkermansia muciniphila , Faecalibacterium prausnitzii , Christensenella minuta, Anaerobutyricum soehngenii , Oxalobacter formigenes , etc. and alongside externally sourced Bacillus , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Clostridium butyricum , and Propionibacterium . Intestinal-derived probiotics represent strictly anaerobic strains with challenging culturing requirements, contrasting with the aerobic nature of Bacillus probiotics and the ease of culturing S. cerevisiae . These strains exhibit diverse health-promoting properties, encompassing antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, and vitamin production capabilities, albeit contingent upon strain specificity. This review delineates the characteristics, culturing conditions, and health advantages associated with non-LAB probiotics.