Optimizing Generation of Stem Cell-Derived Islet Cells.
Kevin VerhoeffNerea Cuesta-GomezIla JasraBraulio Alejandro Marfil-GarzaNidheesh DadheechA M James ShapiroPublished in: Stem cell reviews and reports (2022)
Islet transplantation is a highly effective treatment for select patients with type 1 diabetes. Unfortunately, current use is limited to those with brittle disease due to donor limitations and immunosuppression requirements. Discovery of factors for induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult somatic cells into a malleable state has reinvigorated the possibility of autologous-based regenerative cell therapies. Similarly, recent progress in allogeneic human embryonic stem cell islet products is showing early success in clinical trials. Describing safe and standardized differentiation protocols with clear pathways to optimize yield and minimize off-target growth is needed to efficiently move the field forward. This review discusses current islet differentiation protocols with a detailed break-down of differentiation stages to guide step-wise controlled generation of functional islet products.
Keyphrases
- stem cells
- cell therapy
- pluripotent stem cells
- induced apoptosis
- clinical trial
- cell cycle arrest
- bone marrow
- endothelial cells
- mesenchymal stem cells
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- small molecule
- gene expression
- stem cell transplantation
- single cell
- signaling pathway
- low dose
- randomized controlled trial
- dna methylation
- high throughput
- cell proliferation
- open label
- genome wide
- high dose
- tissue engineering
- double blind