Modest effects of dietary supplements during the COVID-19 pandemic: insights from 445 850 users of the COVID-19 Symptom Study app.
Panayiotis LoucaBenjamin J MurrayKerstin KlaserMark S GrahamMohsen MazidiEmily R LeemingEllen Jo ThompsonRuth C E BowyerDavid A DrewLong H NguyenRuth J F LoosMaria F GomezOlatz MompeoRicardo CosteiraCarole Helene SudreRachel GibsonClaire J StevesJonathan WolfPaul W FranksSébastien OurselinAndrew T ChanSarah E E BerryAna M ValdesPhilip C CalderTimothy D SpectorCristina MenniPublished in: BMJ nutrition, prevention & health (2021)
In women, we observed a modest but significant association between use of probiotics, omega-3 fatty acid, multivitamin or vitamin D supplements and lower risk of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2. We found no clear benefits for men nor any effect of vitamin C, garlic or zinc. Randomised controlled trials are required to confirm these observational findings before any therapeutic recommendations can be made.