Order and disorder-An integrative structure of the full-length human growth hormone receptor.
Noah KassemRaul Araya-SecchiKatrine BuggeAbigail BarclayHelena SteinocherAdree KhondkerYong WangAneta J LenardJochen BürckCagla SahinAnne S UlrichMichael LandrehMartin Cramer PedersenMaikel C RheinstädterPer Amstrup PedersenKresten Lindorff-LarsenLise ArlethBirthe B KragelundPublished in: Science advances (2021)
Because of its small size (70 kilodalton) and large content of structural disorder (>50%), the human growth hormone receptor (hGHR) falls between the cracks of conventional high-resolution structural biology methods. Here, we study the structure of the full-length hGHR in nanodiscs with small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) as the foundation. We develop an approach that combines SAXS, x-ray diffraction, and NMR spectroscopy data obtained on individual domains and integrate these through molecular dynamics simulations to interpret SAXS data on the full-length hGHR in nanodiscs. The hGHR domains reorient freely, resulting in a broad structural ensemble, emphasizing the need to take an ensemble view on signaling of relevance to disease states. The structure provides the first experimental model of any full-length cytokine receptor in a lipid membrane and exemplifies how integrating experimental data from several techniques computationally may access structures of membrane proteins with long, disordered regions, a widespread phenomenon in biology.
Keyphrases
- high resolution
- molecular dynamics simulations
- endothelial cells
- electronic health record
- growth hormone
- big data
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- mass spectrometry
- magnetic resonance imaging
- machine learning
- electron microscopy
- data analysis
- magnetic resonance
- binding protein
- convolutional neural network
- dual energy
- neural network
- artificial intelligence
- fatty acid
- network analysis