Harnessing T Cells to Target Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia: CARs, BiTEs, and Beyond.
Rebecca EpperlyStephen GottschalkMireya Paulina VelasquezPublished in: Children (Basel, Switzerland) (2020)
Outcomes for pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remain poor, highlighting the need for improved targeted therapies. Building on the success of CD19-directed immune therapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), efforts are ongoing to develop similar strategies for AML. Identifying target antigens for AML is challenging because of the high expression overlap in hematopoietic cells and normal tissues. Despite this, CD123 and CD33 antigen targeted therapies, among others, have emerged as promising candidates. In this review we focus on AML-specific T cell engaging bispecific antibodies and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. We review antigens being explored for T cell-based immunotherapy in AML, describe the landscape of clinical trials upcoming for bispecific antibodies and CAR T cells, and highlight strategies to overcome additional challenges facing translation of T cell-based immunotherapy for AML.
Keyphrases
- acute myeloid leukemia
- allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
- clinical trial
- induced apoptosis
- dendritic cells
- poor prognosis
- machine learning
- randomized controlled trial
- nk cells
- liver failure
- intensive care unit
- immune response
- adipose tissue
- long non coding rna
- cell death
- weight loss
- artificial intelligence
- study protocol
- childhood cancer