[Methods of gut microbiota correction for treatment and prevention of food allergy: a review of current research].

Food allergy (FA) is an actual problem in pediatric practice. The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in food sensitization development, since the maturation of immune system occurs under the influence of intestinal microorganisms. Immunoregulatory activity of gut microbiota is associated with the increase of IgA production and promotion of the barrier function of intestinal epithelium. Gut microbiota influence the activity of T-regulatory cells, as well. Violation of gut biocenosis, which occurs under the influence of various factors (artificial feeding, past diseases, the use of antibiotics, etc.), can lead to a shift in the balance of the immune system towards the increase of Th2-profile cytokines and the subsequent formation of hypersensitivity to food allergens. In this regard, the correction of the gut microbiome is a promising method of FA control, due to the ability of intestinal bacteria influence the production of T-regulatory cells and thus suppress allergy immune response. The aim of the review is to analyze experimental and clinical studies exploring effectiveness of methods modifying intestinal microbiota in order to treat and prevent FA. Material and methods . The analysis of the literature in eLIBRARY, MedLine and PubMed databases was carried out. Results . The analysis revealed the lack of rigorous evidence that pre-, pro- and synbiotics significantly increase the effectiveness of standard therapy of FA. However, the use of bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, lactic acid bacteria, in combination with the basic therapy of FA has general positive effect on the clinical outcome, especially in case of gastrointestinal symptoms. Also, the results of some studies indicate the effectiveness of synbiotics (Bifidobacterium breve M-16V, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in combination with oligosaccharides) for the prevention of FA in patients at risk of developing allergic diseases in the long-term period. Conclusion . At present, fecal microbiota transplantation is promising method for FA treatment. Polysaccharides fermented by the microflora, are also actively studied. Experimental studies and clinical trials are required to obtain substantiated conclusions about feasibility of these methods for treatment and prevention of FA.