Altered energy metabolism is one of the hallmarks of tumorigenesis and essential for fulfilling the high demand for metabolic energy in a tumor through accelerating glycolysis and reprogramming the glycolysis metabolism through the Warburg effect. The dysregulated glucose metabolic pathways are coordinated not only by proteins coding genes but also by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) during the initiation and cancer progression. The ncRNAs are responsible for regulating numerous cellular processes under developmental and pathological conditions. Recent studies have shown that various ncRNAs such as microRNAs, circular RNAs, and long noncoding RNAs are extensively involved in rewriting glucose metabolism in human cancers. In this review, we demonstrated the role of ncRNAs in the progression of breast cancer with a focus on outlining the aberrant expression of glucose metabolic pathways. Moreover, we have discussed the existing and probable future applications of ncRNAs to regulate energy pathways along with their importance in the prognosis, diagnosis, and future therapeutics for human breast carcinoma.
Keyphrases
- endothelial cells
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- poor prognosis
- current status
- pluripotent stem cells
- papillary thyroid
- blood glucose
- multidrug resistant
- transcription factor
- small molecule
- genome wide
- childhood cancer
- dna methylation
- gene expression
- metabolic syndrome
- blood pressure
- binding protein
- long non coding rna
- insulin resistance
- weight loss