CRISPR/Cas patents and health-related publications in South America.

CRISPR/Cas is being increasingly used for various applications. However, different countries introduce new technologies at different paces and purposes. This study reviews research progress using the CRISPR/Cas system in South America, focusing on health-related applications. The PubMed database was used to identify relevant articles about gene editing with CRISPR/Cas, whereas patents were searched in the Patentscope database. In addition, ClinicalTrials.gov was used to find information on active and recruiting clinical trials. A total of 668 non-duplicated articles (extracted from PubMed) and 225 patents (not all health-related) were found. One hundred ninety-two articles on health-related applications of CRISPR/Cas were analyzed in detail. In 95 out of these, more than 50% of the authors were affiliated with South American institutions. Experimental CRISPR/Cas studies target different diseases, particularly cancer, neurological, and endocrine disorders. Most patents refer to generic applications, but those with clear disease indications are for inborn errors of metabolism, ophthalmological, hematological, and immunological disorders. No clinical trials were found involving Latin American countries. Although research on gene editing in South America is advancing, our data show the low number of national innovations protected by intellectual property in this field.