Design and Synthesis of Bouchardatine Derivatives as a Novel AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Activator for the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer.

Metabolic reprogramming is a crucial hallmark of tumorigenesis. Modulating the reprogrammed energy metabolism is an attractive anticancer therapeutic strategy. We previously found a natural product, bouchardatine , modulated aerobic metabolism and inhibited proliferation in the colorectal cancer cell (CRC). Herein, we designed and synthesized a new series of bouchardatine derivatives to discover more potential modulators. We applied the dual-parametric high-content screening (HCS) to evaluate their AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) modulation and CRC proliferation inhibition effect simultaneously. And we found their antiproliferation activities were highly correlated to AMPK activation. Among them, 18a was identified with nanomole-level antiproliferation activities against several CRCs. Interestingly, the evaluation found that 18a selectively upregulated oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and inhibited proliferation by modulating energy metabolism. Additionally, this compound effectively inhibited the RKO xenograft growth along with AMPK activation. In conclusion, our study identified 18a as a promising candidate for CRC treatment and suggested a novel anti-CRC strategy by AMPK activating and OXPHOS upregulating.