Characterization of Probiotic Pichia sp. DU2-Derived Exopolysaccharide with Oil-in-Water Emulsifying and Anti-biofilm Activities.

Probiotic-derived exopolysaccharides are considered as promising sources of carbohydrate with extensive applications in many industries. In the current study, yeast strains were isolated from chicken ingluvies and gizzard samples. According to molecular identification, EPS-producing yeast (Pichia sp. DU2) showed the most similarity to Pichia cactophila (99.67%). Pichia sp. DU2 showed probiotic properties. EPS of Pichia sp. DU2 showed emulsifying activity. The formed emulsions showed 53% (colza oil) and 100% (p-xylene) stability after 24 h. These emulsions were oil-in-water and have stability in the presence of NaCl, KCl, and also acidic and basic conditions. Also, the EPS showed anti-biofilm (29.7-47.6% and 19.06-55.26% against B. cereus and Y. enterocolitica, respectively) and flocculating activities (31.4%). FT-IR showed the presence of various functional groups in EPS structure. Also, its heteropolysaccharide nature was revealed in 1 H-NMR and HPLC analysis. This emulsifying EPS showed significant thermal stability and negative zeta potential, which make it a promising carbohydrate for various industries. Finally, according to the predicted model, the maximal EPS production was achieved at reaction time 36 h, pH 6, yeast extract concentration 1.0%, and sucrose concentration 5%. Pichia sp. DU2 with probiotic properties and producing EPS with emulsifying, anti-biofilm, and flocculating activities can be considered as promising yeast strain in various industries like food and pharmaceutical industries.