Emerging Strategies to Combat β-Lactamase Producing ESKAPE Pathogens.
Corneliu Ovidiu VrâncianuIrina GheorgheElena Georgiana DobreIlda Czobor BarbuRoxana Elena CristianMarcela PopaSang-Hee LeeCarmen LimbanIlinca Margareta VladMariana Carmen ChifiriucPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2020)
Since the discovery of penicillin by Alexander Fleming in 1929 as a therapeutic agent against staphylococci, β-lactam antibiotics (BLAs) remained the most successful antibiotic classes against the majority of bacterial strains, reaching a percentage of 65% of all medical prescriptions. Unfortunately, the emergence and diversification of β-lactamases pose indefinite health issues, limiting the clinical effectiveness of all current BLAs. One solution is to develop β-lactamase inhibitors (BLIs) capable of restoring the activity of β-lactam drugs. In this review, we will briefly present the older and new BLAs classes, their mechanisms of action, and an update of the BLIs capable of restoring the activity of β-lactam drugs against ESKAPE (Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp.) pathogens. Subsequently, we will discuss several promising alternative approaches such as bacteriophages, antimicrobial peptides, nanoparticles, CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) cas technology, or vaccination developed to limit antimicrobial resistance in this endless fight against Gram-negative pathogens.
Keyphrases
- gram negative
- multidrug resistant
- acinetobacter baumannii
- klebsiella pneumoniae
- antimicrobial resistance
- drug resistant
- staphylococcus aureus
- crispr cas
- genome editing
- pseudomonas aeruginosa
- healthcare
- biofilm formation
- public health
- escherichia coli
- systematic review
- small molecule
- randomized controlled trial
- mental health
- genome wide
- climate change
- middle aged
- gene expression
- community dwelling
- health promotion