Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma: Current Issues in Genomics and Therapeutics.
Ichiro AbeAlfred King-Yin LamPublished in: Current oncology reports (2021)
Common mutations being identified in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma are p53 and TERT promoter mutations. Other common mutated genes included BRAF, RAS, EIF1AX, PIK3CA, PTEN and AKT1, SWI/SNF, ALK and CDKN2A. Changes in expression of different microRNAs are also involved in the pathogenesis of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Curative resection combined with radiotherapy and combination chemotherapies (such as anthracyclines, platins and taxanes) has been shown to have effects in the treatment of some patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Newer molecular targeted therapies in clinical trials target mostly the cell membrane kinase and downstream proteins. These include targeting the EGFR, FGFR, VEGFR, c-kit, PDGFR and RET on the cell membrane as well as VEGF itself and the downstream targets such as BRAF, MEK and mTOR. Immunotherapy is also being tested in the cancer. Updated knowledge of genomic as well as clinical trials on novel therapies is needed to improve the management of the patients with this aggressive cancer.
Keyphrases
- clinical trial
- papillary thyroid
- cell proliferation
- wild type
- squamous cell
- small cell lung cancer
- poor prognosis
- early stage
- healthcare
- vascular endothelial growth factor
- dna methylation
- signaling pathway
- genome wide
- gene expression
- pi k akt
- endothelial cells
- transcription factor
- small molecule
- lymph node metastasis
- protein kinase
- cancer therapy
- randomized controlled trial
- childhood cancer
- phase iii
- phase ii
- single cell
- copy number
- long non coding rna
- single molecule
- replacement therapy
- double blind