Vitamin E: Regulatory role on gene and protein expression and metabolomics profiles.

Results from microarray analyzes have shown that both vitamin E deficiency and supplementation have a significant impact on the gene expression of various tissues and cells. Genes that were modulated by vitamin E supplementation were different depending on the tissue, which suggested that changes in gene expression are reflective of tissue function and the tissue-specific regulation of vitamin E. In addition, the magnitude of gene expression and types of genes whose expression was altered were differentially affected by the vitamin E forms used for intervention. Metabolite analyzes have provided better understanding of the vitamin E metabolic pathway and have established evidence for the regulation of energy, lipid, and glucose metabolism by vitamin E. However, there are a limited number of studies that have applied advanced genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics technologies to investigate vitamin E's biological functions and mechanisms of action. In this review, the effects of vitamin E on gene and protein expression investigated by microarray, transcriptome, and proteomics analysis are discussed. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(4):442-455, 2019.