Rosarugosides A and D from Rosa rugosa Flower Buds: Their Potential Anti-Skin-Aging Effects in TNF-α-Induced Human Dermal Fibroblasts.

This present study investigated the anti-skin-aging properties of Rosa rugosa . Initially, phenolic compounds were isolated from a hot water extract of Rosa rugosa 's flower buds. Through repeated chromatography (column chromatography, MPLC, and prep HPLC), we identified nine phenolic compounds ( 1 - 9 ), including a previously undescribed depside, rosarugoside D ( 1 ). The chemical structure of 1 was elucidated via NMR, HR-MS, UV, and hydrolysis. Next, in order to identify bioactive compounds that are effective against TNF-α-induced NHDF cells, we measured intracellular ROS production in samples treated with each of the isolated compounds ( 1 - 9 ). All isolates reduced the level of ROS at a concentration of 10 μM. Particularly, two depsides-rosarugosides A and D ( 2 and 1 )-significantly inhibited ROS expression in TNF-α-induced NHDFs compared to the other phenolic compounds. Subsequently, the production of MMP-1 and procollagen type Ι α1 by these two depsides was examined. Remarkably, rosarugoside A ( 2 ) significantly decreased MMP-1 secretion at all concentrations. In contrast, rosarugoside D ( 1 ) regulated the expression of procollagen type Ι α1. These findings collectively suggest that Rosa rugosa extracts and their isolated compounds, rosarugosides A ( 2 ) and D ( 1 ), hold significant potential for protecting against aging and skin damage. Overall, these findings suggest that Rosa rugosa extracts and their isolated compounds, rosarugosides A ( 2 ) and D ( 1 ), have the potential to prevent and protect against aging and skin damage, although more specific quantitative analysis is needed.