Recombination, meiotic expression and human codon usage.
Fanny PouyetDominique MouchiroudLaurent DuretMarie SémonPublished in: eLife (2017)
Synonymous codon usage (SCU) varies widely among human genes. In particular, genes involved in different functional categories display a distinct codon usage, which was interpreted as evidence that SCU is adaptively constrained to optimize translation efficiency in distinct cellular states. We demonstrate here that SCU is not driven by constraints on tRNA abundance, but by large-scale variation in GC-content, caused by meiotic recombination, via the non-adaptive process of GC-biased gene conversion (gBGC). Expression in meiotic cells is associated with a strong decrease in recombination within genes. Differences in SCU among functional categories reflect differences in levels of meiotic transcription, which is linked to variation in recombination and therefore in gBGC. Overall, the gBGC model explains 70% of the variance in SCU among genes. We argue that the strong heterogeneity of SCU induced by gBGC in mammalian genomes precludes any optimization of the tRNA pool to the demand in codon usage.
Keyphrases
- genome wide
- dna repair
- dna damage
- genome wide identification
- endothelial cells
- poor prognosis
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- induced apoptosis
- bioinformatics analysis
- genome wide analysis
- transcription factor
- pluripotent stem cells
- dna methylation
- copy number
- oxidative stress
- gene expression
- cell cycle arrest
- single cell
- gas chromatography
- microbial community
- signaling pathway
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- antibiotic resistance genes
- cell proliferation
- tandem mass spectrometry