Combinatorial Inhibition of Focal Adhesion Kinase and BCL-2 Enhances Antileukemia Activity of Venetoclax in Acute Myeloid Leukemia.
Xiangmeng WangPo Yee MakHong MuWenjing TaoArvind RaoRavikumar VisweswaranVivian RuvoloJonathan A PachterDavid T WeaverMichael AndreeffBing XuBing Z CarterPublished in: Molecular cancer therapeutics (2020)
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) promotes cancer cell growth and metastasis. We previously reported that FAK inhibition by the selective inhibitor VS-4718 exerted antileukemia activities in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The mechanisms involved, and whether VS-4718 potentiates efficacy of other therapeutic agents, have not been investigated. Resistance to apoptosis inducted by the BCL-2 inhibitor ABT-199 (venetoclax) in AML is mediated by preexisting and ABT-199-induced overexpression of MCL-1 and BCL-XL. We observed that VS-4718 or silencing FAK with siRNA decreased MCL-1 and BCL-XL levels. Importantly, VS-4718 antagonized ABT-199-induced MCL-1 and BCL-XL. VS-4718 markedly synergized with ABT-199 to induce apoptosis in AML cells, including primary AML CD34+ cells and AML cells overexpressing MCL-1 or BCL-XL. In a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model derived from a patient sample with NPM1/FLT3-ITD/TET2/DNMT3A/WT1 mutations and complex karyotype, VS-4718 statistically significantly reduced leukemia tissue infiltration and extended survival (72 vs. control 36 days, P = 0.0002), and only its combination with ABT-199 effectively decreased systemic leukemia tissue infiltration and circulating blasts, and prolonged survival (65.5 vs. control 36 days, P = 0.0119). Furthermore, the combination decreased NFκB signaling and induced the expression of IFN genes in vivo The combination also markedly extended survival of a second PDX model developed from an aggressive, TP53-mutated complex karyotype AML sample. The data suggest that the combined inhibition of FAK and BCL-2 enhances antileukemia activity in AML at least in part by suppressing MCL-1 and BCL-XL and that this combination may be effective in AML with TP53 and other mutations, and thus benefit patients with high-risk AML.
Keyphrases
- acute myeloid leukemia
- cell cycle arrest
- allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
- induced apoptosis
- oxidative stress
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- cell death
- diabetic rats
- high glucose
- pi k akt
- cell migration
- signaling pathway
- gene expression
- drug induced
- dna methylation
- transcription factor
- poor prognosis
- immune response
- bone marrow
- artificial intelligence
- cell proliferation
- escherichia coli
- big data
- lps induced
- case report
- nuclear factor
- deep learning