The Yin and Yang Effect of the Apelinergic System in Oxidative Stress.
Benedetta FibbiGiada MarronciniLaura NaldiAlessandro PeriPublished in: International journal of molecular sciences (2023)
Apelin is an endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled receptor APJ and has multiple biological activities in human tissues and organs, including the heart, blood vessels, adipose tissue, central nervous system, lungs, kidneys, and liver. This article reviews the crucial role of apelin in regulating oxidative stress-related processes by promoting prooxidant or antioxidant mechanisms. Following the binding of APJ to different active apelin isoforms and the interaction with several G proteins according to cell types, the apelin/APJ system is able to modulate different intracellular signaling pathways and biological functions, such as vascular tone, platelet aggregation and leukocytes adhesion, myocardial activity, ischemia/reperfusion injury, insulin resistance, inflammation, and cell proliferation and invasion. As a consequence of these multifaceted properties, the role of the apelinergic axis in the pathogenesis of degenerative and proliferative conditions (e.g., Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, osteoporosis, and cancer) is currently investigated. In this view, the dual effect of the apelin/APJ system in the regulation of oxidative stress needs to be more extensively clarified, in order to identify new potential strategies and tools able to selectively modulate this axis according to the tissue-specific profile.
Keyphrases
- oxidative stress
- ischemia reperfusion injury
- adipose tissue
- insulin resistance
- diabetic rats
- induced apoptosis
- dna damage
- single cell
- cell therapy
- high fat diet
- signaling pathway
- endothelial cells
- metabolic syndrome
- heart failure
- randomized controlled trial
- type diabetes
- left ventricular
- reactive oxygen species
- squamous cell carcinoma
- mass spectrometry
- escherichia coli
- bone mineral density
- binding protein
- systematic review
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- mesenchymal stem cells
- risk assessment
- dna binding
- stem cells
- cell proliferation
- glycemic control
- anti inflammatory
- biofilm formation
- cystic fibrosis
- pluripotent stem cells