Parental domestic violence and abuse, mental ill-health, and substance misuse and the impact on child mental health: a secondary data analysis using the UK Millennium Cohort Study.

Parental DVA, MH, and SU cluster during early childhood and this has a negative impact on children's MH at age three, leading to similar levels of poor MH across time. Intervening early to prevent the initial deterioration, using a syndemic-approach is essential.