Particulate Air Pollution and Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review.
Kok-Lun PangSophia Ogechi EkeukuKok-Yong ChinPublished in: Risk management and healthcare policy (2021)
Air pollution is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, which predispose to several chronic diseases in human. Emerging evidence suggests that the severity and progression of osteoporosis are directly associated with inflammation induced by air pollutants like particulate matter (PM). This systematic review examined the relationship between PM and bone health or fractures. A comprehensive literature search was conducted from January until February 2021 using the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Cochrane Library databases. Human cross-sectional, cohort and case-control studies were considered. Of the 1500 papers identified, 14 articles were included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The air pollution index investigated by most studies were PM2.5 and PM10. Current studies demonstrated inconsistent associations between PM and osteoporosis risk or fractures, which may partly due to the heterogeneity in subjects' characteristics, study design and analysis. In conclusion, there is an inconclusive relationship between osteoporosis risk and fracture and PM exposures which require further validation.
Keyphrases
- air pollution
- particulate matter
- case control
- oxidative stress
- bone mineral density
- postmenopausal women
- systematic review
- lung function
- endothelial cells
- cross sectional
- public health
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- single cell
- meta analyses
- randomized controlled trial
- risk assessment
- mental health
- dna damage
- body composition
- artificial intelligence
- induced apoptosis
- endoplasmic reticulum stress
- human health
- high resolution
- climate change
- heat shock
- clinical evaluation
- heat shock protein