The functional nutritional and regulatory activities of calcium supplementation from eggshell for obesity disorders management.

The present study was to investigate the effective role of renewable sources of Ca+2 from eggshell (ES) with different doses to restrict obesity disorders. Rats were classified as follows, G1 : normal diet for 26 weeks; G2 : high-fat diet (HFD) for 26 weeks; G3 , G4 , and G5 were supplemented with HFD for 16 weeks and treated with 7.2 g Ca+2 ES/Kg rat chow, 18 g Ca+2 ES/Kg rat chow, and 2% diet containing fat (DCF), respectively, for the remaining 10 weeks. Results revealed a significant effect of the low dose of Ca+2 supplement in form of ES than high dose and 2% DCF; on basis of anthropometric parameters, lipid, leptin, adiponectin, thyroid hormones, Ca+2 , 25-hydroxyl vitamin-D, and oxidative and inflammatory parameters were regulated. Results were confirmed with the histopathological study. Therefore, it was concluded that Ca+2 supplementation can be used as a beneficial source for obesity management with anticholesterol actions. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Obesity represented public health hazards. The eggshell is one of the waste products that contain a high percentage of Ca+2 . The current data exposed using a low dose of ES as a new source of Ca+2 supplement for treatment of HFD rats leads to significant enhancement of lipid profiles, liver enzymes, kidney functions, leptin, adiponectin, Ca+2 , 25(OH)-D, TSH, fT4, and PTH levels. Also, there was a reduction in weight gain, Bwt, BMI, BG, insulin, and HOMA-IR. Moreover, the oxidant-pro-oxidant system was improved in both hepatic and adipose tissues where NO and TBARS concentrations were diminished, and SOD specific activity was elevated. Additionally, TNF-α and ADAM17 expression were downregulated. Hence, it was concluded that there was good evidence that diets supplemented with ES were associated with the reduction of obesity complications especially regulating fat processing and storage in the body.