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Response Surface Methodology for the Optimization of Flavan-3-ols Extraction from Avocado By-Products via Sonotrode Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction.

María Del Carmen Razola-DíazVito VerardoEduardo Jesús Guerra-HernandezBelén Garcia-VillanovaAna María Gómez-Caravaca
Published in: Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) (2023)
Avocado peel and seed are the main by-products of avocado processing and are considered as promising sources of phenolic compounds with biological activities. Thus, this research focuses on the establishment, for the first time, of ultrasound-assisted extraction of flavan-3-ols with high antioxidant activity from avocado peel and seed using a sonotrode. Indeed, 2 Box-Behnken designs were performed for 15 experiments, with each design having three independent factors (ratio ethanol/water ( v / v ), time (min) and amplitude (%)). In both models, the responses included total procyanidins (flavan-3-ols) measured via HPLC-FLD and antioxidant activity measured via DPPH, ABTS and FRAP. The results showed that applying the sonotrode extraction method could increase flavan-3-ols recovery by 54% and antioxidant activity by 62-76% compared to ultrasound bath technology. Therefore, this technology was demonstrated to be a non-thermal, low time-consuming and scalable method that allowed the recovery of flavan-3-ols from avocado by-products that could be used as functional ingredients.
Keyphrases
  • magnetic resonance imaging
  • ms ms
  • transcription factor
  • simultaneous determination
  • drinking water
  • mass spectrometry
  • ultrasound guided
  • contrast enhanced ultrasound