Effects of Geniposide from Gardenia Fruit Pomace on Skeletal-Muscle Fibrosis.
Haiou PanYan LiHaifeng QianXiguang QiGangcheng WuHui ZhangMeijuan XuZhi-Ming RaoJin-Long LiLi WangHao YingPublished in: Journal of agricultural and food chemistry (2018)
Geniposide is the main bioactive constituent of gardenia fruit. Skeletal-muscle fibrosis is a common and irreversibly damaging process. Numerous studies have shown that geniposide could improve many chronic diseases, including metabolic syndrome and tumors. However, the effects of geniposide on skeletal-muscle fibrosis are still poorly understood. Here, we found that crude extracts of gardenia fruit pomace could significantly decrease the expression of profibrotic genes in vitro. Moreover, geniposide could also reverse profibrotic-gene expression induced by TGF-β and Smad4, a regulator of skeletal-muscle fibrosis. In addition, geniposide treatment could significantly downregulate profibrotic-gene expression and improve skeletal-muscle injuries in a mouse model of contusion. These results together suggest that geniposide has an antifibrotic effect on skeletal muscle through the suppression of the TGF-β-Smad4 signaling pathway.
Keyphrases
- skeletal muscle
- gene expression
- insulin resistance
- transforming growth factor
- metabolic syndrome
- epithelial mesenchymal transition
- signaling pathway
- mouse model
- dna methylation
- poor prognosis
- adipose tissue
- genome wide
- transcription factor
- cardiovascular disease
- pi k akt
- uric acid
- binding protein
- smoking cessation
- combination therapy