Characterization of the Cafeteria Diet as Simulation of the Human Western Diet and Its Impact on the Lipidomic Profile and Gut Microbiota in Obese Rats.
Ana Laura De La GarzaAlejandra Mayela Martínez-TamezAnael Mellado-NegreteSofía Arjonilla-BecerraGloria Itzel Peña-VázquezLuis Martín Marín-ObispoCarmen Hernandez-BrenesPublished in: Nutrients (2022)
The obesity pandemic has been strongly associated with the Western diet, characterized by the consumption of ultra-processed foods. The Western lifestyle causes gut dysbiosis leading to impaired fatty acid metabolism. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate shifts in gut microbiota and correlate these with serum fatty acid profiles in male Wistar rats fed a cafeteria diet. Ten male rats were fed with standard diet (CTL, n = 5) and cafeteria diet (CAF, n = 5) for fifteen weeks. Body weight and food intake were recorded once and three times per week, respectively. At the end of the study, fresh fecal samples were collected, tissues were removed, and serum samples were obtained for further analyses. Gut microbiota was analyzed by sequencing the V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene. Serum fatty acid profiles were fractioned and quantified via gas chromatography. The CAF diet induced an obese phenotype accompanied by impaired serum fatty acids, finding significantly higher proportions of total saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and C20:3 n -6, and lower C18:1 n -7 and C18:3 n -3 in the phospholipid (PL) fraction. Furthermore, circulating C10:0, total n -3 and n -7 decreased and total monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), including oleic acid C18:1 n -9, increased in the cholesterol ester (CE) fraction. The obesity metabotype may be mediated by gut dysbiosis caused by a cafeteria diet rich in C16:0, C18:0, C18:1 n -9 and C18:2 n -6 fatty acids resulting in a 34:1 omega-6/omega-3 ratio. Therefore, circulating C10:0 was associated with several genera bacteria such as Prevotella (positive) and Anaerotruncus (negative). Two classes of Firmicutes , Bacilli and Erysipelotrichi , were positively correlated with PL- C20:3 n -6 and CE- 18:1 n -9, respectively. TM7 and Bacteroidetes were inversely correlated with PL-SFAs and CE- 18:2 n -6, respectively.
Keyphrases
- fatty acid
- weight loss
- physical activity
- bariatric surgery
- metabolic syndrome
- type diabetes
- body weight
- south africa
- weight gain
- sars cov
- endothelial cells
- insulin resistance
- gas chromatography
- high resolution
- gene expression
- randomized controlled trial
- body mass index
- clinical trial
- transcription factor
- dna methylation
- single cell
- skeletal muscle
- quantum dots
- gas chromatography mass spectrometry
- multidrug resistant
- high fat diet induced
- genome wide identification
- solid phase extraction