A global catalog of whole-genome diversity from 233 primate species.
Lukas F K KudernaHong GaoMareike C JaniakMartin KuhlwilmJoseph D OrkinThomas BataillonShivakumara ManuAlejandro ValenzuelaJuraj BergmanMarjolaine RousselleFelipe Ennes SilvaLidia AguedaJulie Marie BlancMarta GutDorien de VriesIan B GoodheadRonald Alan HarrisMuthuswamy RaveendranAxel JensenIdrissa S ChumaJulie E HorvathChristina HvilsomDavid JuanPeter FrandsenJoshua G SchraiberFabiano Rodrigues de MeloFabrício BertuolHazel ByrneIracilda SampaioIzeni Pires FariasJoão Valsecchi do AmaralMariluce Rezende MessiasMaria N F da SilvaMihir TrivediRogério Vieira RossiTomas HrbekNicole AndriaholinirinaClément J RabarivolaAlphonse ZaramodyClifford J JollyJane E Phillips-ConroyGregory K WilkersonChristian AbeeJoe H SimmonsEduardo Fernández-DuqueSree KanthaswamyFekadu ShiferawDong-Dong WuLong ZhouYong ShaoGuo-Jie ZhangJulius D KeyyuSascha KnaufQuyen Hanh DoEsther LizanoStefan MerkerArcadi NavarroTilo NadlerChiea Chuen KhorJessica LeePatrick Boon-Ooi TanWeng Khong LimAndrew C KitchenerDietmar ZinnerIvo Glynne GutAmanda Dawn MelinKaterina GuschanskiMikkel Heide SchierupRobin M D BeckGovindhaswamy UmapathyChristian RoosJean Phillipe BoubliJeffrey RogersKyle Kai-How FarhTomas Marques-BonetPublished in: Science (New York, N.Y.) (2023)
The rich diversity of morphology and behavior displayed across primate species provides an informative context in which to study the impact of genomic diversity on fundamental biological processes. Analysis of that diversity provides insight into long-standing questions in evolutionary and conservation biology and is urgent given severe threats these species are facing. Here, we present high-coverage whole-genome data from 233 primate species representing 86% of genera and all 16 families. This dataset was used, together with fossil calibration, to create a nuclear DNA phylogeny and to reassess evolutionary divergence times among primate clades. We found within-species genetic diversity across families and geographic regions to be associated with climate and sociality, but not with extinction risk. Furthermore, mutation rates differ across species, potentially influenced by effective population sizes. Lastly, we identified extensive recurrence of missense mutations previously thought to be human specific. This study will open a wide range of research avenues for future primate genomic research.