The emerging role of epigenetics in human autoimmune disorders.
Roberta MazzoneClemens ZwergelMarco ArticoSamanta TauroneMassimo RalliAntonio GrecoAntonello MaiPublished in: Clinical epigenetics (2019)
Epigenetic pathways play a pivotal role in the development and function of the immune system. Over the last decade, a growing body of studies has been published out seeking to explain a correlation between epigenetic modifications and the development of autoimmune disorders. Epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and noncoding RNAs, are involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases mainly by regulating gene expression. This paper reviews the importance of epigenetic alterations during the development of the most prevalent human autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic sclerosis (SSc), Sjogren's syndrome (SS), autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), and type 1 diabetes (T1D), aiming to provide new insights in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and the possibility to develop novel therapeutic approaches targeting the epigenome.
Keyphrases
- dna methylation
- gene expression
- systemic sclerosis
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- rheumatoid arthritis
- genome wide
- disease activity
- interstitial lung disease
- type diabetes
- endothelial cells
- multiple sclerosis
- pluripotent stem cells
- cardiovascular disease
- ankylosing spondylitis
- mental health
- randomized controlled trial
- glycemic control
- drug induced
- metabolic syndrome
- weight loss
- systematic review
- case report
- drug delivery