Dietary Polyphenols and Obesity: A Review of Polyphenol Effects on Lipid and Glucose Metabolism, Mitochondrial Homeostasis, and Starch Digestibility and Absorption.
Courage Sedem DzahDavid Asante-DonyinahEmmanuel LetsyoJohn DzikunooZeenatu Suglo AdamsPublished in: Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands) (2022)
Obesity is a major global public health concern, limiting socio-economic development and human productivity. As studies focus on finding sustainable solutions to this challenge, polyphenols have shown promising results and have become a research focus. This is mainly because of associated lower risks of side effects with their use, compared to synthetic pharmaceuticals. In this study, the anti-obesity potentials of dietary polyphenols have been reviewed. Using a narrative approach, the biological activities of polyphenols and their influence on energy metabolism and mechanisms are discussed. Specifically, their roles in insulin-dependent glucose uptake, insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism and storage in adipocytes, starch digestibility, and regulation of mitophagy and mitogenesis in muscle cells and adipocytes, were considered. After considering the major findings of many related studies, it was confirmed that polyphenols can prevent and ameliorate obesity by fighting insulin resistance (IR) induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines, scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and limiting their effects, and by regulating the expression and/or activity of key enzymes along relevant pathways. More human studies are needed to reveal more about the anti-obesity effects of dietary polyphenols and their effective doses in humans.
Keyphrases
- insulin resistance
- high fat diet induced
- metabolic syndrome
- type diabetes
- adipose tissue
- weight loss
- skeletal muscle
- public health
- weight gain
- endothelial cells
- reactive oxygen species
- high fat diet
- polycystic ovary syndrome
- glycemic control
- poor prognosis
- cell death
- blood glucose
- induced apoptosis
- case control
- physical activity
- anti inflammatory
- induced pluripotent stem cells
- body mass index
- gene expression
- climate change
- pluripotent stem cells
- risk assessment
- fatty acid
- binding protein