Yun-Sang Choi

Publication Activity (10 Years)

Years Active: 2018-2024
Publications (10 Years): 77

Top Topics

Listeria Monocytogenes

Gas Chromatography

Top Venues

Food science of animal resources

Journal of animal science and technology

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)

Critical reviews in food science and nutrition

This page only lists publications with an associated author ORCID identifier.

Publications

Jae-Hoon Lee, Tae-Kyung Kim, Min-Cheol Kang, Minkyung Park, Yun-Sang Choi
Methods to Isolate Muscle Stem Cells for Cell-Based Cultured Meat Production: A Review. Animals : an open access journal from MDPI 14 (5) (2024)
Yea-Ji Kim, Ji Yoon Cha, Tae-Kyung Kim, Jae-Hoon Lee, Samooel Jung, Yun-Sang Choi
The Effect of Irradiation on Meat Products. Food science of animal resources 44 (4) (2024)
Jae-Hoon Lee, Tae-Kyung Kim, Min-Cheol Kang, Min-Kyung Park, Sang-Hun Park, Jung Seok Choi, Yun-Sang Choi
Effect of Crude Polysaccharides from Ecklonia cava Hydrolysate on Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of Hanwoo Muscle Stem Cells for Cultured Meat Production. Foods (Basel, Switzerland) 13 (4) (2024)
Yea-Ji Kim, Ji Yoon Cha, Tae-Kyung Kim, Jae-Hoon Lee, Samooel Jung, Yun-Sang Choi
The Effect of Irradiation on Meat Products. Food science of animal resources 44 (4) (2024)
Eun Young Jeon, Yuri Kim, Hyun-Jung Yun, Bum-Keun Kim, Yun-Sang Choi
3D Printing of Materials and Printing Parameters with Animal Resources: A Review. Food science of animal resources 44 (2) (2024)
Yea-Ji Kim, Jeong Heon Kim, Ji Yoon Cha, Tae-Kyung Kim, Hae Won Jang, Dong-Hyun Kim, Yun-Sang Choi
Quality Characteristics of Meat Analogs through the Incorporation of Textured Vegetable Protein and Tenebrio molitor Larvae in the Presence of Transglutaminase. Food science of animal resources 44 (5) (2024)
Jae-Hoon Lee, Tae-Kyung Kim, Min-Cheol Kang, Min-Kyung Park, Sang-Hun Park, Jung Seok Choi, Yun-Sang Choi
Effect of Crude Polysaccharides from Ecklonia cava Hydrolysate on Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of Hanwoo Muscle Stem Cells for Cultured Meat Production. Foods (Basel, Switzerland) 13 (4) (2024)
Eun Young Jeon, Yuri Kim, Hyun-Jung Yun, Bum-Keun Kim, Yun-Sang Choi
3D Printing of Materials and Printing Parameters with Animal Resources: A Review. Food science of animal resources 44 (2) (2024)
Seung-Hye Woo, Min-Kyung Park, Min-Cheol Kang, Tae-Kyung Kim, Yea-Ji Kim, Dong-Min Shin, Su-Kyung Ku, Heejin Park, Heeyoung Lee, Jung-Min Sung, Yun-Sang Choi
Effects of Natural Extract Mixtures on the Quality Characteristics of Sausages during Refrigerated Storage. Food science of animal resources 44 (1) (2024)
Jae-Hoon Lee, Tae-Kyung Kim, Min-Cheol Kang, Minkyung Park, Yun-Sang Choi
Methods to Isolate Muscle Stem Cells for Cell-Based Cultured Meat Production: A Review. Animals : an open access journal from MDPI 14 (5) (2024)
Seung-Hye Woo, Min-Kyung Park, Min-Cheol Kang, Tae-Kyung Kim, Yea-Ji Kim, Dong-Min Shin, Su-Kyung Ku, Heejin Park, Heeyoung Lee, Jung-Min Sung, Yun-Sang Choi
Effects of Natural Extract Mixtures on the Quality Characteristics of Sausages during Refrigerated Storage. Food science of animal resources 44 (1) (2024)
Jimin Hyun, Hyo-Geun Lee, Jun-Geon Je, Yun-Sang Choi, Kyung-Mo Song, Tae-Kyung Kim, Bomi Ryu, Min-Cheol Kang, Yung Hyun Choi
L-Fucose-Rich Sulfated Glycans from Edible Brown Seaweed: A Promising Functional Food for Obesity and Energy Expenditure Improvement. International journal of molecular sciences 25 (17) (2024)
Yea-Ji Kim, Tae-Jun Jung, Tae-Kyung Kim, Jae-Hoon Lee, Dong-Min Shin, Hwan Hee Yu, Yun-Sang Choi
The Effect of Gelatin Coating and Sonication on the Quality Properties of Wet-Aging Pork Loins. Food science of animal resources 43 (2) (2023)
Seung-Hye Woo, Jung-Min Sung, Heejin Park, Jake Kim, Yea-Ji Kim, Tae-Kyung Kim, Heeyoung Lee, Yun-Sang Choi
Inhibitory effect of natural extract mixtures on microbial growth and lipid oxidation of sausages during storage. Journal of animal science and technology 65 (1) (2023)
Seonmin Lee, Kyung Jo, Hyun Gyung Jeong, Seul-Ki-Chan Jeong, Jung In Park, Hae In Yong, Yun-Sang Choi, Samooel Jung
Higher Protein Digestibility of Chicken Thigh than Breast Muscle in an In Vitro Elderly Digestion Model. Food science of animal resources 43 (2) (2023)
Jae Hoon Lee, Yun-Yeol Lee, Yun-Sang Choi, Hae Won Jang
Headspace stir-bar sorptive extraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for trace analysis of volatile organic compounds in Schisandra chinensis Baillon (omija). Food science & nutrition 11 (11) (2023)
Min Kyung Park, Ji Yoon Cha, Min-Cheol Kang, Hae Won Jang, Yun-Sang Choi
The effects of different extraction methods on essential oils from orange and tangor: From the peel to the essential oil. Food science & nutrition 12 (2) (2023)
Youn-Kyung Ham, Sin-Woo Noh, Jae-Hyeok Lee, Na-Eun Yang, Yun-Sang Choi, Hyun Wook Kim
Optimization of Gelatin Extracting Condition from Korean Native Black Goat Skin and Quality Comparison with Commercial Gelatin. Food science of animal resources 43 (1) (2023)
Seung-Hye Woo, Jung-Min Sung, Heejin Park, Jake Kim, Yea-Ji Kim, Tae-Kyung Kim, Heeyoung Lee, Yun-Sang Choi
Inhibitory effect of natural extract mixtures on microbial growth and lipid oxidation of sausages during storage. Journal of animal science and technology 65 (1) (2023)
Seonmin Lee, Kyung Jo, Seul-Ki-Chan Jeong, Yun-Sang Choi, Samooel Jung
Strategies for modulating the lipid digestion of emulsions in the gastrointestinal tract. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition (2023)
Seung-Hye Woo, Jung-Min Sung, Heejin Park, Jake Kim, Yea-Ji Kim, Tae-Kyung Kim, Heeyoung Lee, Yun-Sang Choi
Inhibitory effect of natural extract mixtures on microbial growth and lipid oxidation of sausages during storage. Journal of animal science and technology 65 (1) (2023)
Seonmin Lee, Kyung Jo, Hyun Gyung Jeong, Seul-Ki-Chan Jeong, Jung In Park, Hae In Yong, Yun-Sang Choi, Samooel Jung
Higher Protein Digestibility of Chicken Thigh than Breast Muscle in an In Vitro Elderly Digestion Model. Food science of animal resources 43 (2) (2023)
Seung-Hye Woo, Jiwoon Park, Jung Min Sung, Eun-Ji Choi, Yun-Sang Choi, Jong-Dae Park
Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Yeast from Grains as Starter Cultures for Gluten-Free Sourdough. Foods (Basel, Switzerland) 12 (23) (2023)
Jae-Hoon Lee, Tae-Kyung Kim, Sun-Young Park, Min-Cheol Kang, Ji Yoon Cha, Min-Cheol Lim, Yun-Sang Choi
Effects of Blanching Methods on Nutritional Properties and Physicochemical Characteristics of Hot-Air Dried Edible Insect Larvae. Food science of animal resources 43 (3) (2023)
Seung-Hye Woo, Jung-Min Sung, Heejin Park, Jake Kim, Yea-Ji Kim, Tae-Kyung Kim, Heeyoung Lee, Yun-Sang Choi
Inhibitory effect of natural extract mixtures on microbial growth and lipid oxidation of sausages during storage. Journal of animal science and technology 65 (1) (2023)
Yea-Ji Kim, Tae-Jun Jung, Tae-Kyung Kim, Jae-Hoon Lee, Dong-Min Shin, Hwan Hee Yu, Yun-Sang Choi
The Effect of Gelatin Coating and Sonication on the Quality Properties of Wet-Aging Pork Loins. Food science of animal resources 43 (2) (2023)
N M Liyanage, Hyo-Geun Lee, D P Nagahawatta, H H A C K Jayawardhana, Kyung-Mo Song, Yun-Sang Choi, Yung Hyun Choi, Min-Cheol Kang
Fucoidan from Sargassum autumnale Inhibits Potential Inflammatory Responses via NF-κB and MAPK Pathway Suppression in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Marine drugs 21 (7) (2023)
Jae-Hoon Lee, Tae-Kyung Kim, Sun-Young Park, Min-Cheol Kang, Ji Yoon Cha, Min-Cheol Lim, Yun-Sang Choi
Effects of Blanching Methods on Nutritional Properties and Physicochemical Characteristics of Hot-Air Dried Edible Insect Larvae. Food science of animal resources 43 (3) (2023)
Yea-Ji Kim, Jake Kim, Tae-Kyung Kim, Ji Yoon Cha, Dong-Min Shin, Samooel Jung, Yun-Sang Choi
Effects of konjac glucomannan as a freeze-denaturation inhibitor or binder on the physiochemical properties of heat-induced gel of freeze-dried duck blood. Journal of food science (2023)
Seonmin Lee, Kyung Jo, Seul-Ki-Chan Jeong, Hayeon Jeon, Yun-Sang Choi, Samooel Jung
Recent strategies for improving the quality of meat products. Journal of animal science and technology 65 (5) (2023)
Seung-Hye Woo, Jiwoon Park, Jung Min Sung, Eun-Ji Choi, Yun-Sang Choi, Jong-Dae Park
Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Yeast from Grains as Starter Cultures for Gluten-Free Sourdough. Foods (Basel, Switzerland) 12 (23) (2023)
Seung-Hye Woo, Jung-Min Sung, Heejin Park, Jake Kim, Yea-Ji Kim, Tae-Kyung Kim, Heeyoung Lee, Yun-Sang Choi
Inhibitory effect of natural extract mixtures on microbial growth and lipid oxidation of sausages during storage. Journal of animal science and technology 65 (1) (2023)
Seung-Hye Woo, Jung-Min Sung, Heejin Park, Jake Kim, Yea-Ji Kim, Tae-Kyung Kim, Heeyoung Lee, Yun-Sang Choi
Inhibitory effect of natural extract mixtures on microbial growth and lipid oxidation of sausages during storage. Journal of animal science and technology 65 (1) (2023)
Youn-Kyung Ham, Sin-Woo Noh, Jae-Hyeok Lee, Na-Eun Yang, Yun-Sang Choi, Hyun Wook Kim
Optimization of Gelatin Extracting Condition from Korean Native Black Goat Skin and Quality Comparison with Commercial Gelatin. Food science of animal resources 43 (1) (2023)
Hyun Gyung Jeong, Jake Kim, Seonmin Lee, Kyung Jo, Hae In Yong, Yun-Sang Choi, Samooel Jung
Differences in pork myosin solubility and structure with various chloride salts and their property of pork gel. Journal of animal science and technology 65 (5) (2023)
Seonmin Lee, Kyung Jo, Seul-Ki-Chan Jeong, Yun-Sang Choi, Samooel Jung
Level Optimization of Beet Powder and Caramel Color for Beef Color Simulation in Meat Analogs before and after Cooking. Food science of animal resources 43 (5) (2023)
Min Kyung Park, Ji Yoon Cha, Min-Cheol Kang, Hae Won Jang, Yun-Sang Choi
The effects of different extraction methods on essential oils from orange and tangor: From the peel to the essential oil. Food science & nutrition 12 (2) (2023)
Jake Kim, Tae-Kyung Kim, Ji Yoon Cha, Su-Kyung Ku, Samooel Jung, Yun-Sang Choi
Effect of Drying Methods on Physicochemical Characteristics and Functional Properties of Duck Blood Gel. Food science of animal resources 42 (5) (2022)
Tae-Kyung Kim, Ji Yoon Cha, Hae In Yong, Hae Won Jang, Samooel Jung, Yun-Sang Choi
Application of Edible Insects as Novel Protein Sources and Strategies for Improving Their Processing. Food science of animal resources 42 (3) (2022)
Su-Kyung Ku, Jake Kim, Se-Myung Kim, Hae In Yong, Bum-Keun Kim, Yun-Sang Choi
Combined Effects of Pressure Cooking and Enzyme Treatment to Enhance the Digestibility and Physicochemical Properties of Spreadable Liver Sausage. Food science of animal resources 42 (3) (2022)
Tae-Kyung Kim, Hae In Yong, Ji Yoon Cha, Yun Jeong Kim, Samooel Jung, Yun-Sang Choi
Effects of Protein Functionality on Myofibril Protein-Saccharide Graft Reaction. Food science of animal resources 42 (5) (2022)
Tae-Kyung Kim, Jae-Hoon Lee, Hae In Yong, Min-Cheoul Kang, Ji Yoon Cha, Ji Yeon Chun, Yun-Sang Choi
Effects of Defatting Methods on the Physicochemical Properties of Proteins Extracted from Hermetia illucens Larvae. Foods (Basel, Switzerland) 11 (10) (2022)
Tae-Kyung Kim, Hae In Yong, Min-Cheol Kang, Ji Yoon Cha, Yun-Sang Choi
Effect of hydrocolloids on functionality of Protaetia brevitarsis proteins. Food science and biotechnology 31 (2) (2022)
Jae-Hoon Lee, Tae-Kyung Kim, Ji Yoon Cha, Hae Won Jang, Hae In Yong, Yun-Sang Choi
How to develop strategies to use insects as animal feed: digestibility, functionality, safety, and regulation. Journal of animal science and technology 64 (3) (2022)
Tae-Kyung Kim, Yea-Ji Kim, Jake Kim, Hyun-Jung Yun, Min-Cheol Kang, Yun-Sang Choi
Effect of Grafted Insect Protein with Palatinose on Quality Properties of Phosphate-Free Meat Emulsion. Foods (Basel, Switzerland) 11 (21) (2022)
Se-Myung Kim, Tae-Kyung Kim, Min-Cheol Kang, Ji Yoon Cha, Hae In Yong, Yun-Sang Choi
Effects of Loquat ( Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) Leaf Extract with or without Ascorbic Acid on the Quality Characteristics of Semi-Dried Restructured Jerky during Storage. Food science of animal resources 42 (4) (2022)
Seonmin Lee, Kyung Jo, Hyun Gyung Jeong, Yun-Sang Choi, Hyunjin Kyoung, Samooel Jung
Freezing-induced denaturation of myofibrillar proteins in frozen meat. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition (2022)
Hyo-Geun Lee, Hyun-Soo Kim, Jun-Geon Je, Jin Hwang, Kalu Kapuge Asanka Sanjeewa, Dae-Sung Lee, Kyung-Mo Song, Yun-Sang Choi, Min-Cheol Kang, Yung Hyun Choi
Lipid Inhibitory Effect of (-)-loliolide Isolated from Sargassum horneri in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes: Inhibitory Mechanism of Adipose-Specific Proteins. Marine drugs 19 (2) (2021)
Hyun Gyung Jeong, Doo Yeon Jung, Kyung Jo, Seonmin Lee, Yun-Sang Choi, Hae In Yong, Samooel Jung
Alternative of Phosphate by Freeze- or Oven-Dried Winter Mushroom Powder in Beef Patty. Food science of animal resources 41 (3) (2021)
Seonmin Lee, Kyung Jo, Hyun Gyung Jeong, Yun-Sang Choi, Hae In Yong, Samooel Jung
Understanding protein digestion in infants and the elderly: Current in vitro digestion models. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition (2021)
Tae-Kyung Kim, Hae-In Yong, Samooel Jung, Hyun-Wook Kim, Yun-Sang Choi
Technologies for the Production of Meat Products with a Low Sodium Chloride Content and Improved Quality Characteristics-A Review. Foods (Basel, Switzerland) 10 (5) (2021)
Jeeyeon Lee, Jung-Min Sung, Hyun Jin Cho, Seung-Hye Woo, Min-Cheol Kang, Hae In Yong, Tae-Kyung Kim, Heeyoung Lee, Yun-Sang Choi
Natural Extracts as Inhibitors of Microorganisms and Lipid Oxidation in Emulsion Sausage during Storage. Food science of animal resources 41 (6) (2021)
Tae-Kyung Kim, Hae In Yong, Min-Cheol Kang, Samooel Jung, Hae Won Jang, Yun-Sang Choi
Effects of High Hydrostatic Pressure on Technical Functional Properties of Edible Insect Protein. Food science of animal resources 41 (2) (2021)
Tae-Kyung Kim, Hae In Yong, Samooel Jung, Jung-Min Sung, Hae Won Jang, Yun-Sang Choi
Physicochemical and textural properties of emulsions prepared from the larvae of the edible insects Tenebrio molitor, Allomyrina dichotoma, and Protaetia brevitarsis seulensis. Journal of animal science and technology 63 (2) (2021)
Hae In Yong, Tae-Kyung Kim, Hee-Don Choi, Hae Won Jang, Samooel Jung, Yun-Sang Choi
Clean Label Meat Technology: Pre-Converted Nitrite as a Natural Curing. Food science of animal resources 41 (2) (2021)
Jae Hoon Lee, Tae-Kyung Kim, Chang Hee Jeong, Hae In Yong, Ji Yoon Cha, Bum-Keun Kim, Yun-Sang Choi
Biological activity and processing technologies of edible insects: a review. Food science and biotechnology 30 (8) (2021)
Tae-Kyung Kim, Hae In Yong, Samooel Jung, Hyun Wook Kim, Yun-Sang Choi
Effect of reducing sodium chloride based on the sensory properties of meat products and the improvement strategies employed: a review. Journal of animal science and technology 63 (4) (2021)
Se-Myung Kim, Tae-Kyung Kim, Hyun-Wook Kim, Samooel Jung, Hae In Yong, Yun-Sang Choi
Quality Characteristics of Semi-Dried Restructured Jerky Processed Using Super-Heated Steam. Foods (Basel, Switzerland) 10 (4) (2021)
Seonmin Lee, Yun-Sang Choi, Kyung Jo, Hyun Gyung Jeong, Hae In Yong, Tae-Kyung Kim, Samooel Jung
Processing Characteristics of Freeze-Dried Pork Powder for Meat Emulsion Gel. Food science of animal resources 41 (6) (2021)
Ja Myung Yu, Jae Hoon Lee, Jong-Dae Park, Yun-Sang Choi, Jung-Min Sung, Hae Won Jang
Analyzing Gluten Content in Various Food Products Using Different Types of ELISA Test Kits. Foods (Basel, Switzerland) 10 (1) (2021)
Hae In Yong, Tae-Kyung Kim, Samooel Jung, Young-Boong Kim, Yun-Sang Choi
Quality of reduced-fat meat emulsion: effect of pre-emulsified duck skin and hydrocolloids. Journal of food science and technology 58 (4) (2020)
Seonmin Lee, Yun-Sang Choi, Kyung Jo, Tae-Kyung Kim, Hae In Yong, Samooel Jung
Quality characteristics and protein digestibility of Protaetia brevitarsis larvae. Journal of animal science and technology 62 (5) (2020)
Yun-Sang Choi, Kyung Jo, Seonmin Lee, Hae In Yong, Samooel Jung
Quality characteristics of the enhanced beef using winter mushroom juice. Journal of animal science and technology 62 (3) (2020)
Tae-Kyung Kim, Hae In Yong, Hae Won Jang, Young-Boong Kim, Yun-Sang Choi
Functional Properties of Extracted Protein from Edible Insect Larvae and Their Interaction with Transglutaminase. Foods (Basel, Switzerland) 9 (5) (2020)
Tae-Kyung Kim, Min Hyeock Lee, Hae In Yong, Samooel Jung, Hyun-Dong Paik, Hae Won Jang, Yun-Sang Choi
Effect of Interaction between Mealworm Protein and Myofibrillar Protein on the Rheological Properties and Thermal Stability of the Prepared Emulsion Systems. Foods (Basel, Switzerland) 9 (10) (2020)
Se-Myung Kim, Tae-Kyung Kim, Su-Kyung Ku, Min Jung Kim, Samooel Jung, Hae In Yong, Yun-Sang Choi
Quality characteristics of semi-dried restructured jerky: combined effects of duck skin gelatin and carrageenan. Journal of animal science and technology 62 (4) (2020)
Su-Jeong Kim, Jun-Young Lee, Yun-Sang Choi, Jung-Min Sung, Hae Won Jang
Comparison of Different Types of SPME Arrow Sorbents to Analyze Volatile Compounds in Cirsium setidens Nakai. Foods (Basel, Switzerland) 9 (6) (2020)
Youn-Kyung Ham, Dong-Heon Song, Sin-Woo Noh, Tae-Wan Gu, Jae-Hyeok Lee, Tae-Kyung Kim, Yun-Sang Choi, Hyun Wook Kim
Effects of Gelatin Hydrolysates Addition on Technological Properties and Lipid Oxidation of Cooked Sausage. Food science of animal resources 40 (6) (2020)
Tae-Kyung Kim, Hae In Yong, Hae Won Jang, Young-Boong Kim, Jung-Min Sung, Hyun-Wook Kim, Yun-Sang Choi
Effects of hydrocolloids on the quality characteristics of cold-cut duck meat jelly. Journal of animal science and technology 62 (4) (2020)
Sin-Woo Noh, Dong-Heon Song, Youn-Kyung Ham, Tae-Kyung Kim, Yun-Sang Choi, Hyun Wook Kim
Interaction of Porcine Myofibrillar Proteins and Various Gelatins: Impacts on Gel Properties. Food science of animal resources 39 (2) (2019)
Tae-Kyung Kim, Hae In Yong, Young-Boong Kim, Hyun Wook Kim, Yun-Sang Choi
Edible Insects as a Protein Source: A Review of Public Perception, Processing Technology, and Research Trends. Food science of animal resources 39 (4) (2019)
Mi-Ai Lee, Tae-Kyung Kim, Ko-Eun Hwang, Yun-Jeong Choi, Sung-Hee Park, Cheon-Jei Kim, Yun-Sang Choi
Kimchi extracts as inhibitors of colour deterioration and lipid oxidation in raw ground pork meat during refrigerated storage. Journal of the science of food and agriculture 99 (6) (2019)
Seonmin Lee, Kyung Jo, Sun-Jin Hur, Yun-Sang Choi, Hyun Joo Kim, Samooel Jung
Low Protein Digestibility of Beef Puree in Infant In Vitro Digestion Model. Food science of animal resources 39 (6) (2019)
Tae-Kyung Kim, Mi-Ai Lee, Jung-Min Sung, Ki-Hong Jeon, Young-Boong Kim, Yun-Sang Choi
Combination effects of nitrite from fermented spinach and sodium nitrite on quality characteristics of cured pork loin. Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences 32 (10) (2019)
Tae-Kyung Kim, Young-Boong Kim, Ki-Hong Jeon, Hae Won Jang, Hyun-Sung Lee, Yun-Sang Choi
Quality Characteristics of Samgyetang according to the Sodium Chloride Level and with/without Phosphate in Broth. Food science of animal resources 39 (1) (2019)
Tae-Kyung Kim, Hae In Yong, Chang Hee Jeong, Sung-Gu Han, Young-Boong Kim, Hyun-Dong Paik, Yun-Sang Choi
Technical Functional Properties of Water- and Salt-soluble Proteins Extracted from Edible Insects. Food science of animal resources 39 (4) (2019)
Su-Kyung Ku, Jung-Sun Hong, Hee-Don Choi, Jong-Dae Park, Young-Boong Kim, Hyun-Wook Choi, Tae-Kyung Kim, Yun-Sang Choi
A study of the quality characteristics of frozen Korean rice cake by using different thawing methods. Food science and biotechnology 27 (5) (2018)